Management Styles in the Workplace - 1312 Words

Management styles are wide and varied across the entire world of work. The specific type of management that works for one particular set of workers does not always work for another group of employees. Almost everyone has come into direct contact with a manager at some point in their careers. It is the relationship between the employee and the manager that must be keenly developed; in order for an office, factory, restaurant, or similar organization to run smoothly and effectively. When an organization is being managed efficiently, workers are much more upbeat, production levels are optimal, and the overall working environment has a fragrance of positivity. In sharp contrast, when an organization is ineffectively managed, more times than†¦show more content†¦Little did they understand that through the Teamwork Style of leadership, every member on the team was able to formulate the plan that was given by the manager to suit their own personal work style; provided the job was d one right. One team-work project in particular was the shipping and receiving of airplane parts. If one member of the team was more skilled in checking in the airplane parts, then that would be his assigned task. If another team member was more skilled at distributing the airplane parts throughout the plant then they would be assigned that specific job. If one of the team had a problem or concern about the job project, then the other team members would make positively sure that they were helped before they went to the manager. This approach helped immensely to show that team work is an effective way of getting a large project done with relative ease. The team concept also helped to increase the awareness of team members to fellow team members. If team members are helping each other on a daily basis, then eventually they will begin to think as a collective team; not as individuals who happen to have similar jobs. Conflict resolution is the next huge next step that we will deal with concerning the team work concept. If one of his employees had a problem or concern with something that was work or personally related, he always maintained a wide-open door policy with his teamShow MoreRelatedManagement Styles in the Workplace Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Management Styles in the Workplace Purpose Statement: My purpose today is to inform you on four different management styles in the workplace. Thesis Statement: It is important for managers to understand their management style when certain situations arise in the work place, by knowing your management style you will become a better leader. Introduction: Have you ever been told, â€Å"Do it this way or don’t do it at all?† if so do you know what type of leadership or management style this. WellRead MoreTypes Of Workplace Conflict And The Styles Of Management1914 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This paper explores published information on types of workplace conflict and the styles of management to address the conflict. Articles discussing how the particular style used can affect stress in the workplace. Eight interviews were conducted in which subjects were asked to rate the amount of stress they experience, the type of conflict that is experienced, and their preferred method of conflict management. The data collected agrees with the published articles showing that the preferredRead MoreWorkplace Conflicts And Conflict Management Styles2734 Words   |  11 Pages Workplace Conflicts and Conflict Management Styles Greg Jefia MBA 5213 Dr. Edwards December 12, 2014 â€Æ' Introduction Conflicts in the workplace and interpersonal relationship are inevitable. Organizational conflict is common in the workplace because people always have divergent views on various issues, interests, ideologies, goals, and aspirations (Deutsch, 1990). Conflict exists in all kinds of environments because people compete for power, jobs, resources, security and recognition. People whoRead MoreConflict Between Interpersonal, Intra Groups And Intra Group Levels1503 Words   |  7 Pagesof viewing conflict as whether undesirable phenomenon or not, it has been widely accepted that the presence of conflict in the workplace is inevitable. According to Rahim (2002, p. 207), conflict could be define as â€Å"an interactive process manifested in incompatibility, disagreement, or dissonance within or between social entities.† As this conflict occurs in the workplace, the existence of conflict is not only limited between people in an organisation, but it is also occurred between organisation sRead MoreOrganizational Leadership as Correlate of Absenteeism at Work Station1724 Words   |  7 Pagesare social systems. These are run by people, Example: Industrial organization, is a combination of men, money, machinery, material and management. The functioning of an organization depends upon how people work or behave in the organization. The scientific management came into existence to focus on behavioural aspects of management. Failure of scientific management gave birth to human relation movement. It was founded on more emphasis on workers cooperation and moral. The study of human relationsRead MoreImproving Leadership Effectiveness And Characteristics Of An Empowered Workplace1393 Words   |  6 Pagesof an empowered workplace, importance of communication, high performance in the workplace, team concepts and member roles, problem solving styles, and the stages in the life of a group will be discussed as well as applied to the case study The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division. The reader will learn about the point of the case study, and how it illustrates different areas of improving leadership effectiveness. Principles and Characteristics of an Empowered Workplace In the workplace, there are principlesRead MoreManagement Strategy At Coca Cola1619 Words   |  7 PagesManagement at Coca Cola Sandra Lee-Sartor MGT500-Modern Management Dr. McGrath November 21, 2016 Evaluate two (2) key changes in the selected company s management style from the company s inception to the current day. Indicate whether or not you believe the company is properly managed. Provide support for your position. A management style is a complete process of leadership used by managers within Coca Cola. The success that the management team at Coca-Cola has in inspiring its employeesRead More Motivation and Conflict Management Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation and Conflict Management Organizations strive for creative ways to enhance employee motivation and resolve conflicts with the desire to have employees perform better within the workplace. To motivate one has to be motivated. Motivation within the workplace has to be constant and requiring a goal. Motivation, if not repeated will not last. Therefore, learning to determine how different organizations apply motivation theories to motivate employees, analyzing conflict management strategies andRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Effective And Ineffective Management Strategies1683 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have reported that they have been affected by workplace bullying, whether they were the target or the witness (2). The nursing profession is no exception to this startling statistic. Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) and The Joint Commission (TJC) have addressed the need for a positive work environment that is â€Å"free of abusive behavior, such as bullying, hostility, abuse of authority, and re prisal for identifying abuse in the workplace† (8). Bullying in nursing is thought to begin duringRead MoreLeaders Are Born Or Made?1036 Words   |  5 PagesThe terms leadership and management have become increasingly prevalent in today’s workplace. They are often used in place of each other and in some cases the terms leadership and management are used identically to each other. This has not always been the case. Leadership has a long history that dates as far back as biblical times. According to Bass, â€Å"it is one of the world’s oldest preoccupations† (Bass, 1990). On the other hand, management as it relates to the workplace is a relatively newer concept

Trademarks Public Goodwill and Brand Reputation

Question: Discuss about theTrademarks for Public Goodwill and Brand Reputation. Answer: Introduction: Trademarks are considered to be most valuable assets for some of the organizations. The distinctive marks are used mostly to build public goodwill and brand reputation. The trademark is used to distinguish between different goods of the industry. In Australia four different types of trademarks can be registered under Trade Marks Act, 1995. The four trademarks are as following; Standard Trademarks Defensive trademarks Certification trademarks Collective trademarks About Trademarks: According to section 44 of the said act, the trade marks will be rejected is applied trademarks resembles to registered trademarks or trademarks for which application is made related to similar or closely related goods. The trademark office will look into the fact that whether the trademark is substantially identical. The test for assessing the identical trademarks are found in case of Shell Co. (Aust) Ltd v Esso Standard Oil (Aust) Ltd (1963) 109 CLR 407 at 414415. Here it was accepted that marks are substantially identical and similarities and differences noted and should have the essential features of unregistered marks (Mackie Keeffe, 2016). The act is applicable to the all states of the country. The acts will extent to all of Australia. According to section 4A of the act, Criminal Code will be applied to all offences created under this act. According to section 10 of the act, resembling marks of two different businesses can cause confusion among the business. In reference to the deceptive similarity, when substantial identity, the marks is to be looked from different prospective not from side by side. According to the case Australian Woollen Mills Ltd v F S Walton Co Ltd (1937) 58 CLR 641, the necessary attempt is required to understand and to assess effects of the similarity of impression has produced in minds of ordinary person. The necessary part of the assessment is to show real tangible danger occurred due to deception or confusion may not be sufficient but the assessment of the impact of the mark to the normal person is to be identified (Austlii, 2016). Conclusion: The confusion has to be answered in relation to the deception, confusion and the similarity of marks. The act also considers the fact that goods and services claimed in the application are closely similar or resembles to earlier registered or applied marks of the same goods and services. The case of Jellineks Appn (1946) 63 RPC 389 should be drawn here for the understanding of the points, the characteristics of the goods and the service and the quality of the goods and services produced by two different manufacturer has to be looked into. It is also to be seen that whether the goods are sold by the same trade channels or not. The same description does not mean that goods have to be similar in nature. Registration of the trademarks is challenging parts of the business and it should include consideration of the due factors during registration of the marks. The factor of closely related goods is also to be considered (Inta, 2016). References: Austlii, 2016. Trade Marks Act1995. [Online] www.austlii.edu.au Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/tma1995121/ [Accessed 13 September 2016]. Inta, 2016. Trademark Basics. [Online] www.inta.org Available at: https://www.inta.org/Media/Documents/2012_TMBasicsBusiness.pdf [Accessed 13 September 2016]. Mackie, J. Keeffe, D.L., 2016. Austrailian Trade Mark System. [Online] www.ipo.org Available at: https://www.ipo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/AGuidetoAustralianTrademarks.pdf [Accessed 13 September 2016].

Narmers Palette Essays - Narmer, Upper And Lower Egypt,

Narmer's Palette As Egypt grew and flourished to a powerful and rich nation, it left behind for today's historians, clues and artifacts of a once distinctive, well established and structured society. Proof of this is clearly depicted in king Narmer's Palette. This Palette shows historians the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, which signified the beginnings of a civilized era centred around the Nile. The unification of Egypt occurred around 3100 B.C., under the First Dynasty of Menes(3100-2850 B.C.). This age is commonly know as the Protodynastic era, which is known for the establishment of a firm political structure of the land which was unified in the hands of the king. The glorification of Lower and Upper Egypt uniting was portrayed in Narmer's Palette, which was found in the ancient southern capital of Hierakonpolis. The general function of Narmer's Palette was to commemorate a victory over his human foes. With Narmer's victory, the Palette also depicts his successful claim and conquest of all of Egypt, thus establishing unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under his rule. The dominant them however, is the victory of the god incarnate over the forces of evil and chaos. The Narmer Palette, while depicting several social aspects and tendencies of the Egyptian society, also reveals and emphasizes their structured positions within a hierarchy of command. Both sides of the Palette reveal, at the top, the name of king Narmer, which first documents, in the written history of Egypt, that we now are dealing with a civilized state. When the scribes wanted to write king Narmer's name, they placed a small fish called a 'nar' over a chisel, pronounced 'mer'. This combination of the words gave them 'Narmer'. The Palette also depicts king Narmer(probably the legendary Menes) wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Aphroditopolis, which represented Upper Egypt. Since Narmer had claimed victory over the northern king, thus becoming the first Pharaoh, the unification of Egypt was completed. The reverse of the Palette portrays Narmer clubbing a foeman. Narmer is then followed by his foot-washer, which should be noted is shown on a smaller scale and standing on a separate register line, as suited to his relative rank and position in Egypt's hierarchy. Narmer stands before the supreme sky-god Horus, of whom Narmer is also an incarnation, represented as a falcon with a human arm holding a papyrus thicket. On the obverse of this palette, Narmer inspects a battlefield near Buto, with several decapitated bodies of his foemen. Narmer is then preceded by his four standard-bearers and his priest. The middle register of this highly organized recording shows two long- necked lionesses and their attendants, symbolizing the newly established unification of Egypt. In the lower register Narmer is in disguise of a bull, which is destroying a fortified fort and killing any opponents in his path. The Narmer Palette reveals several important social aspects about how the Egyptians lived and were structured. The Palette also shows their value in recording historical events - with such items of war and political power struggles being 'newsworthy' events. It would be a mistake however, to read the Narmer Palette as a mere tale of conquest. Through military conquests however, Narmer was able to lay the political foundations of the kingship which endured thereafter as long as a Pharaoh wore the two crowns of Egypt. The actual finding of a Palette proves that Egyptians had established a written form of communication, which is today called hieroglyphic script. The Palette however, was depicted by Egyptian scribes using a complex combination of ideograms and phonetic signs. While king Narmer's name appears as hieroglyphic labels at the top of the Palette, it emphasizes that Egypt at this time was structured and had firmly established a civilized state. The entire Nile, now under the control of one king, was able to be utilized as the most important form of transportation. It was used for military campaigns, economic trading, and as a form of communication via boats. The Nile also provided a rich soil base which encouraged farmers to build huts and plant their crops along the river bank. Egyptian agriculture and the farmers' practices in irrigation revealed that the Egyptians had the man power and capabilities to divert water to particular fields for their crops. Although each community along the Nile was divided into districts, each governed by a man appointed by Narmer, each practised the same methods of collecting and diverting water. Also each man appointed to a particular district saw to it that taxes were collected and that the fields were drained and properly irrigated. The most significant piece of evidence that suggests that Narmers Palette Essays - Narmer, Upper And Lower Egypt, Narmer's Palette As Egypt grew and flourished to a powerful and rich nation, it left behind for today's historians, clues and artifacts of a once distinctive, well established and structured society. Proof of this is clearly depicted in king Narmer's Palette. This Palette shows historians the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, which signified the beginnings of a civilized era centred around the Nile. The unification of Egypt occurred around 3100 B.C., under the First Dynasty of Menes(3100-2850 B.C.). This age is commonly know as the Protodynastic era, which is known for the establishment of a firm political structure of the land which was unified in the hands of the king. The glorification of Lower and Upper Egypt uniting was portrayed in Narmer's Palette, which was found in the ancient southern capital of Hierakonpolis. The general function of Narmer's Palette was to commemorate a victory over his human foes. With Narmer's victory, the Palette also depicts his successful claim and conquest of all of Egypt, thus establishing unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under his rule. The dominant them however, is the victory of the god incarnate over the forces of evil and chaos. The Narmer Palette, while depicting several social aspects and tendencies of the Egyptian society, also reveals and emphasizes their structured positions within a hierarchy of command. Both sides of the Palette reveal, at the top, the name of king Narmer, which first documents, in the written history of Egypt, that we now are dealing with a civilized state. When the scribes wanted to write king Narmer's name, they placed a small fish called a 'nar' over a chisel, pronounced 'mer'. This combination of the words gave them 'Narmer'. The Palette also depicts king Narmer(probably the legendary Menes) wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Aphroditopolis, which represented Upper Egypt. Since Narmer had claimed victory over the northern king, thus becoming the first Pharaoh, the unification of Egypt was completed. The reverse of the Palette portrays Narmer clubbing a foeman. Narmer is then followed by his foot-washer, which should be noted is shown on a smaller scale and standing on a separate register line, as suited to his relative rank and position in Egypt's hierarchy. Narmer stands before the supreme sky-god Horus, of whom Narmer is also an incarnation, represented as a falcon with a human arm holding a papyrus thicket. On the obverse of this palette, Narmer inspects a battlefield near Buto, with several decapitated bodies of his foemen. Narmer is then preceded by his four standard-bearers and his priest. The middle register of this highly organized recording shows two long- necked lionesses and their attendants, symbolizing the newly established unification of Egypt. In the lower register Narmer is in disguise of a bull, which is destroying a fortified fort and killing any opponents in his path. The Narmer Palette reveals several important social aspects about how the Egyptians lived and were structured. The Palette also shows their value in recording historical events - with such items of war and political power struggles being 'newsworthy' events. It would be a mistake however, to read the Narmer Palette as a mere tale of conquest. Through military conquests however, Narmer was able to lay the political foundations of the kingship which endured thereafter as long as a Pharaoh wore the two crowns of Egypt. The actual finding of a Palette proves that Egyptians had established a written form of communication, which is today called hieroglyphic script. The Palette however, was depicted by Egyptian scribes using a complex combination of ideograms and phonetic signs. While king Narmer's name appears as hieroglyphic labels at the top of the Palette, it emphasizes that Egypt at this time was structured and had firmly established a civilized state. The entire Nile, now under the control of one king, was able to be utilized as the most important form of transportation. It was used for military campaigns, economic trading, and as a form of communication via boats. The Nile also provided a rich soil base which encouraged farmers to build huts and plant their crops along the river bank. Egyptian agriculture and the farmers' practices in irrigation revealed that the Egyptians had the man power and capabilities to divert water to particular fields for their crops. Although each community along the Nile was divided into districts, each governed by a man appointed by Narmer, each practised the same methods of collecting and diverting water. Also each man appointed to a particular district saw to it that taxes were collected and that the fields were drained and properly irrigated. The most significant piece of evidence that suggests that Narmers Palette Essays - Narmer, Upper And Lower Egypt, Narmer's Palette As Egypt grew and flourished to a powerful and rich nation, it left behind for today's historians, clues and artifacts of a once distinctive, well established and structured society. Proof of this is clearly depicted in king Narmer's Palette. This Palette shows historians the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, which signified the beginnings of a civilized era centred around the Nile. The unification of Egypt occurred around 3100 B.C., under the First Dynasty of Menes(3100-2850 B.C.). This age is commonly know as the Protodynastic era, which is known for the establishment of a firm political structure of the land which was unified in the hands of the king. The glorification of Lower and Upper Egypt uniting was portrayed in Narmer's Palette, which was found in the ancient southern capital of Hierakonpolis. The general function of Narmer's Palette was to commemorate a victory over his human foes. With Narmer's victory, the Palette also depicts his successful claim and conquest of all of Egypt, thus establishing unification of Lower and Upper Egypt under his rule. The dominant them however, is the victory of the god incarnate over the forces of evil and chaos. The Narmer Palette, while depicting several social aspects and tendencies of the Egyptian society, also reveals and emphasizes their structured positions within a hierarchy of command. Both sides of the Palette reveal, at the top, the name of king Narmer, which first documents, in the written history of Egypt, that we now are dealing with a civilized state. When the scribes wanted to write king Narmer's name, they placed a small fish called a 'nar' over a chisel, pronounced 'mer'. This combination of the words gave them 'Narmer'. The Palette also depicts king Narmer(probably the legendary Menes) wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Aphroditopolis, which represented Upper Egypt. Since Narmer had claimed victory over the northern king, thus becoming the first Pharaoh, the unification of Egypt was completed. The reverse of the Palette portrays Narmer clubbing a foeman. Narmer is then followed by his foot-washer, which should be noted is shown on a smaller scale and standing on a separate register line, as suited to his relative rank and position in Egypt's hierarchy. Narmer stands before the supreme sky-god Horus, of whom Narmer is also an incarnation, represented as a falcon with a human arm holding a papyrus thicket. On the obverse of this palette, Narmer inspects a battlefield near Buto, with several decapitated bodies of his foemen. Narmer is then preceded by his four standard-bearers and his priest. The middle register of this highly organized recording shows two long- necked lionesses and their attendants, symbolizing the newly established unification of Egypt. In the lower register Narmer is in disguise of a bull, which is destroying a fortified fort and killing any opponents in his path. The Narmer Palette reveals several important social aspects about how the Egyptians lived and were structured. The Palette also shows their value in recording historical events - with such items of war and political power struggles being 'newsworthy' events. It would be a mistake however, to read the Narmer Palette as a mere tale of conquest. Through military conquests however, Narmer was able to lay the political foundations of the kingship which endured thereafter as long as a Pharaoh wore the two crowns of Egypt. The actual finding of a Palette proves that Egyptians had established a written form of communication, which is today called hieroglyphic script. The Palette however, was depicted by Egyptian scribes using a complex combination of ideograms and phonetic signs. While king Narmer's name appears as hieroglyphic labels at the top of the Palette, it emphasizes that Egypt at this time was structured and had firmly established a civilized state. The entire Nile, now under the control of one king, was able to be utilized as the most important form of transportation. It was used for military campaigns, economic trading, and as a form of communication via boats. The Nile also provided a rich soil base which encouraged farmers to build huts and plant their crops along the river bank. Egyptian agriculture and the farmers' practices in irrigation revealed that the Egyptians had the man power and capabilities to divert water to particular fields for their crops. Although each community along the Nile was divided into districts, each governed by a man appointed by Narmer, each practised the same methods of collecting and diverting water. Also each man appointed to a particular district saw to it that taxes were collected and that the fields were drained and properly irrigated. The most significant piece of evidence that suggests that

Lab Report-Photosynthesis Essay Example

Lab Report Lab Report-Photosynthesis Paper Lab Report-Photosynthesis Paper Essay Topic: Synthesis When reduced this indicator changes from blue to a colorless solution. When light is absorbed, water is oxidized and the excited electrons are transferred for the process of reducing NADIA+ to NADIA. This transfer is done via the electron transport chain. DUCKPIN is able to capture the electrons that are transferred through the electron transport chain which will cause the color intensity of the indicator solution to decrease. The decrease in intensity of the indicator correlates to an increased rate of photosynthetic activity. Varied light intensities can alter the photosynthetic capability of chloroplasts. As light intensity increases, it is apparent that the rate of photosynthesis begins to decrease until a certain level of light saturation. If the intensity extends over a certain tolerance level, photo inhibition occurs. The light used for photosynthesis requires a specific wavelength for the pigments in chloroplast to absorb it. Light independent reactions occur in the stoma of the chloroplast whereas the light reactions occur in chloroplasts that sit on the ethylated membrane. White light is comprised of all the colors in the spectrum where each of these colors contains different energy; hence they are all of different wavelengths. Since pigments only absorb certain wavelengths within the visible spectrum, the others are transmitted or reflected. Blue and red light tend to contribute to the highest rates of photosynthesis whereas green and yellow result in the lowest rates. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate photosynthetic electron transport, using isolated chloroplast from silver beet leaves. Seven spectrophotometer tubes were numbered and solutions A-D were added according to the volumes in TABLE 1. Tube 1 was capped and inverted several times. The Spectrophotometer was calibrated using tube 1, which contained chloroplasts and sucrose only, as the blank, to ensure that any changes in absorbency for the other treatments could be attributed to the reduction of the dye DUCKPIN. At time, zero (miss), absorbency was recorded for al treatments immediately after addition of DUCKPIN and mixing of contents. This gives a rate per foot-candle and allows you to compare he effectiveness of the light based on color alone. In tube 2, there is a decrease in the absorption rate when the reaction mix is mixed. In test tube 3, the readings of the absorption rate decreases when in the presence of light. There is a decrease in reading up till the 60th minute and then the absorbency rate decreases in test tube 4. In test tube 5, there is a decrease in absorption rate when ADDICT is mixed. The readings for the absorption rate increases up till the 30th minute then it would decrease in test tube 6. In test tube 7, the readings increase up till the 30th minute then it would decrease and increase again. Graph of absorbency against time taken for DUCKPIN dye to turn colorless DISCUSSION The readings obtained in test tube 2 and 4 the readings are good as there is a decrease in absorption as the mixture is placed in the dark. Chlorophyll pigments can only carry out photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. The dark chloroplasts and boiled chloroplasts showed some signs of photosynthesis but insubstantial compared to the fully functioning chloroplasts. Because DIP measures only the light reactions (because those are the only stages in which NADIA+ is reduced) and DIP reduction was very low in both, we can conclude hat the light-dependent reactions do not occur in either dark or boiled chloroplasts. Boiling most likely damaged (denatured) the chlorophyll beyond repair, so it functions just like as if it was covered with foil occasionally some stray photons will excite the chlorophyll, but holistically, that is not much at all. In test tube 3, the readings of the absorption rate decreases when in the presence of light. In test tube 5 the Hill Reaction will be analyzed by measuring the light absorbency of DUCKPIN as chlorophyll and the electron transport chain reduce it under exposure to light. An electron transfer inhibitor, 3-(3,4-decontrolling)-1,1 methyl-urea (DDCD), which prevents platitudinous from receiving electrons from the primary electron acceptor, will be present in different concentrations to demonstrate the reduction of DUCKPIN as being a consequence of the splitting of H2O and the transfer of electrons from chlorophyll to the primary acceptor and subsequent molecules of the electron transport chain. The rate that the DUCKPIN dye transforms from blue to clear is a function of how frequently electrons are passed through photosynthesis II, measurements of the absorbency of the DUCKPIN dye over exposure time to light will indicate the relative rate of H2O splitting ND photosynthesis II activity under the different concentrations of the DDCD electron inhibitor: the decrease in the rate of absorbency. In tube 6 the readings are such as photons are absorbed by the photometers when there is higher light intensity. A higher rate of photon absorption indicates that more electrons are excited in the photometers which leads to a higher rate of photosynthesis. However the readings are not accurate as the reading fluctuates increasing and decreasing when it is supposed to increase steadily this may be due to errors that was done during the experiment, when the absorbency rate was measured after the 60th minute the test tube was not closed this may have caused the reading to drop. In test tube 7 has high absorbency reading at the end of the 90th minute because green light wavelength is the least effective for photosynthesis. However the reading decreases at the 60th minute and this may be due to the way the test tubes were placed in the ice, the position of the test tube was altered and maybe only half of the mixture was immersed in ice. This may have caused the difference in the reading as the readings were affected by heat and chloroplast is heat sensitive.

X Ray Definition and Properties (X Radiation)

X Ray Definition and Properties (X Radiation) X-rays or x-radiation are part of the electromagnetic spectrum with shorter wavelengths (higher frequency) than visible light. X-radiation wavelength ranges from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, or frequencies from  3Ãâ€"1016  Hz to 3Ãâ€"1019  Hz. This puts the x-ray wavelength between ultraviolet light and gamma rays. The distinction between x-ray and gamma rays may be based on wavelength or on radiation source. Sometimes x-radiation is considered to be radiation emitted by electrons, while gamma radiation is emitted by the atomic nucleus. German scientist Wilhelm Rà ¶ntgen was the first to study x-rays (1895), although he was not the first person to observe them. X-rays had been observed emanating from Crookes tubes, which were invented circa 1875. Rà ¶ntgen called the light X-radiation to indicate it was a previously unknown type. Sometimes the radiation is called  Rà ¶ntgen or Roentgen radiation, after the scientist. Accepted spellings include x rays, x-rays, xrays, and X rays (and radiation). The term x-ray is also used to refer to a radiographic image formed using x-radiation and to the method used to produce the image. Hard and Soft X-Rays X-rays range in energy from 100 eV to 100 keV (below 0.2–0.1  nm wavelength). Hard x-rays are those with photon energies greater than 5-10 keV.  Soft x-rays are those with lower energy. The wavelength of hard x-rays is comparable to the diameter of an atom. Hard x-rays have sufficient energy to penetrate matter, while soft x-rays are absorbed in air or penetrate water to a depth of about 1 micrometer. Sources of X-Rays X-rays may be emitted whenever sufficiently energetic charged particles strike matter. Accelerated electrons are used to produce x-radiation in an x-ray tube, which is a vacuum tube with a hot cathode and a metal target. Protons or other positive ions may also be used. For example, proton-induced x-ray emission is an analytical technique. Natural sources of x-radiation include radon gas, other radioisotopes, lightning, and cosmic rays. How X-Radiation Interacts With Matter The three ways x-rays interact with matter are Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and photoabsorption. Compton scattering is the primary interaction involving high energy hard x-rays, while photoabsorption is the dominant interaction with soft x-rays and lower energy hard x-rays. Any x-ray has sufficient energy to overcome the binding energy between atoms in molecules, so the effect depends on the elemental composition of matter and not its chemical properties. Uses of X-Rays Most people are familiar with x-rays because of their use in medical imaging, but there are many other applications of the radiation: In diagnostic medicine, x-rays are used to view bone structures. Hard x-radiation is used to minimize absorption of low energy x-rays. A filter is placed over the x-ray tube to prevent transmission of the lower energy radiation. The high atomic mass of calcium atoms in teeth and bones absorbs x-radiation, allowing most of the other radiation to pass through the body. Computer tomography (CT scans), fluoroscopy, and radiotherapy are other x-radiation diagnostic techniques. X-rays may also be used for therapeutic techniques, such as cancer treatments. X-rays are used for crystallography, astronomy, microscopy, industrial radiography, airport security, spectroscopy, fluorescence, and to implode fission devices. X-rays may be used to create art and also to analyze paintings. Banned uses include x-ray hair removal and shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, which were both popular in the 1920s. Risks Associated with X-Radiation X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, able to break chemical bonds and ionize atoms. When x-rays were first discovered, people suffered radiation burns and hair loss. There were even reports of deaths. While radiation sickness is largely a thing of the past, medical x-rays are a significant source of man-made radiation exposure, accounting for about half the total radiation exposure from all sources in the U.S. in 2006. There is disagreement about the dose that presents a hazard, partially because risk depends on multiple factors. It is clear x-radiation is capable of causing genetic damage that can lead to cancer and developmental problems. The highest risk is to a fetus or child. Seeing X-Rays While x-rays are outside the visible spectrum, its possible to see the glow of ionized air molecules around an intense x-ray beam. Its also possible to see x-rays if a strong source is viewed by a dark-adapted eye. The mechanism for this phenomenon remains unexplained (and the experiment is too dangerous to perform). Early researchers reported seeing a blue-gray glow that seemed to come from within the eye. Source Medical Radiation Exposure of the U.S. Population Greatly Increased Since the Early 1980s, Science Daily, March 5, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2017.

E-marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-marketing - Case Study Example At the same time it is also worthwhile here to mention that the e-Market space is coming up as a formidable alternative, as the customer feels more comfortable to know everything before accepting the services of the company. E-business is more than just e-commerce. It involves business processes spanning the entire value chain: electronic purchasing and supply chain management, processing orders electronically, handling customer service, and cooperating with business partners. Such a venture on the net greets each customer by name and presents targeted information and services that correspond to each visitor's unique preferences and requirements. This not only helps in reducing the man-hours spent by the company officials in explaining the details to customers, but it also helps us in establishing as a company with total transparency in all its deals. Real estate and mortgage deals are not done by individual customers on a daily or weekly basis. An individual resort to such deals onl y limited number of times in many years. Therefore, the individual prefers to give a deep thought to it before actually going for it.

Merger between Huge Co. and Computers Co Case Study

Merger between Huge Co. and Computers Co - Case Study Example Both sides worry about the merging of benefits, both afraid that their benefits they've gotten accustomed to will be replaced by the other's benefit program. Both programs have advantages and disadvantages. Huge Co. offers a program that aims for the long term needs of its employees. Their program ensures the employees' financial stability after retirement. Their program also takes care of the employees' health, as well as the company's budget. The only possible down side to Huge Co.'s benefits program is the management's lack of feedback on their employees' satisfaction with the said program. Computers Co.'s benefits program is very flexible but it is flexible to the point that it allows its employees to only think of their short term needs. Their program is high on the satisfaction of their employees but also high on the company's budget. Taking all good and bad things into account, a possible compromise may be reached. Since both companies individually have good and bad sides to their benefits programs, the best program can be made out of the good parts in both of them. The two companies operate with a "cafeteria plan," as they call it, which is good for the employees so that they can fit the benefits to what they truly need. This is even more applicable considering the age differences in the employees, which translates to the differences in their priorities in life.